sapu (sweep) + tangan (hand) = saputangan (handkerchief)Ĥ. mandi (bath) + kamar (room) = kamar mandi (bathroom). sepak (kick) + bola (ball) = sepak bola (football). makanan (food) + laut (sea) = makanan laut (seafood). In addition, the reverse condition between Bahasa Indonesia and English is also happened in compound noun. ayah (dad) + Kyle = ayah Kyle (Kyle’s dad). pensil (pencil) + ayah (dad) = pencil ayah (Dad’s pencil). laut (blue) + biru (sea) = laut biru (blue sea). biru (blue) + laut (sea) = biru laut (sea blue). anak (kid) + yang (which is/that is) + pintar (smart) = anak yang pintar (smart kid/A kid that is smart). ruang (room) + besar (big) = ruang besar (big room). It is very often become the common mistakes o non-native speaker. 
In Bahasa Indonesia, noun phrase uses D–M formula (or Head-Modifier), while English uses the reverse formula (M–D) (Check more in Indonesian to English Grammar). However, it becomes very different when we move to forming a noun phrase. In terms of forming verb, adjective, and adverbs, English and Bahasa Indonesia shares similar rules. Phrase is a set a word that form together and still identified as single class word/part of speech (noun, verb, and so on).
Saya makan di restoran (I ate at the restaurant). 
It happened when the verbs are a root word verb (formal and informal). On the other hands, even though ‘ber-‘ is an intransitive signifier, there are several occasion when a sentence identified as intransitive wothout ‘ber-‘ verb. Instead, it is followed with punctuation (end of sentence) as Subject-Verb sentence structure and considered correct. Sometimes, it is not followed by object(s). Even though ‘me-(N)’ and ‘di-‘ are commonly identified as transitive signifier, there are several exception. However, there are several conditions when the rules are broken.
Saya memainkan boneka (I play the doll). Therefore, you could NOT reserve the sentence as active/passive. However, if the verbs contains ‘ber-‘ or ‘ter-‘ prefix, it is must be identified as a complement because it must be an intransitive verb. Therefore, you could reserve the sentence as active/passive. Yes, if it a noun class word/phrase that follow a ‘me-(N)’ or ‘di-‘ verb, it is must be identified as an object. There is no specific difference between both, except the preceding verb. The Transitive/Intransitive characteristic plays very significant role to determine Object/Complement. – Saya tertusuk di jalan (I was stabbed on the street) – Saya tertusuk jarum – I was accidentally cut by a needle – It could not be active sentence (intransitive) – Mostly it is signified by Prefix ‘ter-‘ (I play at the yard)Ĭonfuse about Object and Complement? We discuss it later! – Saya bermain boneka (I play dolls) – Dolls is complement – It could not be passive sentence (intransitive) – It could be followed by Complement, Adverb, or Punctuation – It is a verb that are not followed by object(s) (intransitive) – It has active equivalence that signified by ‘me-(N) prefix’ (transitive)Įxample: Baju dicuci ibu (The clothes were washed by mother) – It has passive equivalence that signified by ‘di- prefix’ (transtive)Įxample: Ibu mencuci baju (Mother washed the clothes) – It is a verb that must be followed by object(s) (transitive) In terms of sentences, incomplete sentence is one of the evidence of language dynamics. Consequently, language becomes very dynamic and vary. As a product of society, of course language practice is depends on each person, not reverse. In reality, people do not always follow the formula above. Usually, it is found in creative writing and considered as a language style. On the other word, it becomes V-S (Verb before Subject). It is when a sentence contains a reverse S-V formula. It is also possible to make reverse sentence. Mainkan bola itu! (Play the ball!) – imperative. – Sedang bermain – are playing = verb (V) Kamu sedang bermain apa? (What are you playing?) – interrogative. Saya bermain sepak bola (I play football) – statement.
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